CEFR

· from English

What is the CEFR?

CEFR, the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, describes language ability on six levels from A1 (beginner) to C2 (mastery).

Published by the Council of Europe in 2001 and extended by a Companion Volume in 2020, it uses can-do descriptors for listening, reading, speaking and writing. Asian exams like HSK, JLPT, TOPIK and TOCFL are often mapped to CEFR, though the alignments are approximate and disputed.

Examples

A1, A2 (basic user); B1, B2 (independent user); C1, C2 (proficient user)

Kungfucius says: Six letters-and-numbers that let you compare your Japanese to someone's French. Roughly.